• Fresenius SE average operating margin for 2023 was 6.55%, a 31.27% decline from 2022.
• Fresenius SE average operating margin for 2022 was 9.53%, a 15.96% decline from 2021.
• Fresenius SE average operating margin for 2021 was 11.34%, a 10.28% decline from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.