• Fresenius Medical Care AG KGaA average gross margin for 2023 was 25.7%, a 8.15% decline from 2022.
• Fresenius Medical Care AG KGaA average gross margin for 2022 was 27.98%, a 5.38% decline from 2021.
• Fresenius Medical Care AG KGaA average gross margin for 2021 was 29.57%, a 5.22% decline from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.