• Cooper average gross margin for 2024 was 66.32%, a 1.87% increase from 2023.
• Cooper average gross margin for 2023 was 65.1%, a 0.91% increase from 2022.
• Cooper average gross margin for 2022 was 65.7%, a 0.72% decline from 2021.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.