• Chunghwa Telecom average gross margin for 2023 was 36.65%, a 0.16% decline from 2022.
• Chunghwa Telecom average gross margin for 2022 was 36.59%, a 5.78% increase from 2021.
• Chunghwa Telecom average gross margin for 2021 was 34.59%, a 0.86% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.