• Carnival average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was -15.17%, a 88.97% decline from 2022.
• Carnival average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -137.51%, a 94.33% decline from 2021.
• Carnival average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was -2425.41%, a 3569.3% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.