• Advantest average gross margin for 2023 was 54.31%, a 5.19% decline from 2022.
• Advantest average gross margin for 2022 was 57.28%, a 5.24% decline from 2021.
• Advantest average gross margin for 2021 was 54.43%, a 0.11% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.