• VALE S.A average return on investment for 2023 was 20.83, a 44.7% decline from 2022.
• VALE S.A average return on investment for 2022 was 37.67, a 16.84% decline from 2021.
• VALE S.A average return on investment for 2021 was 32.24, a 636.07% increase from 2020.

Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.