• Kone Oyj average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 10.68%, a 4.3% increase from 2022.
• Kone Oyj average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was 10.24%, a 19.5% increase from 2021.
• Kone Oyj average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 12.72%, a 4.78% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.