• KDDI average operating margin for 2023 was 18.74%, a 0.48% decline from 2022.
• KDDI average operating margin for 2022 was 18.83%, a 2.28% decline from 2021.
• KDDI average operating margin for 2021 was 19.27%, a 3.94% decline from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.