• Hitachi average operating margin for 2023 was 8.56%, a 21.68% decline from 2022.
• Hitachi average operating margin for 2022 was 10.93%, a 1.35% decline from 2021.
• Hitachi average operating margin for 2021 was 11.08%, a 60.58% decline from 2020.

Operating margin can be defined as operating margin measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages, raw materials, etc.