• Cardinal Health average pre-tax profit margin for 2023 was 0.33%, a 191.67% increase from 2022.
• Cardinal Health average pre-tax profit margin for 2022 was -0.36%, a 187.8% decline from 2021.
• Cardinal Health average pre-tax profit margin for 2021 was 0.41%, a 140.59% decline from 2020.

Pre-tax profit margin can be defined as earnings before taxes as a portion of total revenue.